Local residents hold Sovivet flag as members of Cossack militia guard the local parliament building in Simferopol, Ukraine, on Thursday, March 6, 2014. Lawmakers in Crimea declared their intention Thursday to split from Ukraine and join Russia instead, and scheduled a referendum in 10 days for voters to decide the fate of the disputed peninsula. AP PHOTO/IVAN SEKRETAREV
SIMFEROPOL—Pro-Kremlin militia fired warning shots as unarmed foreign observers tried to enter Crimea on Saturday while Russia stepped up its Cold War-style standoff with the West over Ukraine by threatening to keep Washington from checking on its nuclear arms.
The dangerous escalation in the flashpoint Black Sea peninsula that Russia effectively seized from Ukraine last week saw 40 gunmen in balaclavas and military fatigues fire warning shots above a car moving in front of a convoy of 57 civilian and military observers from the Organization of Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
A source with the monitoring mission said “probably three shots” were fired as the OSCE buses tried and failed for the third successive day to check on the frozen conflict that has pitted overpowered Ukrainian troops against what they say are Russian Black Sea Fleet soldiers and Kremlin-backed militias.
Russia blamed the OSCE on Friday for making its earlier attempts “without considering the opinions and recommendations of the Russian side (and) without waiting for official invitations from the Crimean side.”
The monitoring mission is an instrumental part of a three-pronged push for peace by US President Barack Obama that also includes a call on Russia to pull back its Crimean troops to their barracks and for Ukraine to hold early presidential elections in May.
The culturally-splintered ex-Soviet nation of 46 million people has been in upheaval since three months of deadly unrest brought new pro-European leaders to power in Kiev in February and sent ousted president Viktor Yanukovych into hiding in Russia.
The Kremlin accuses the new rulers of fomenting an atmosphere of intimidation against ethnic Russians who make up the majority of Ukraine’s southeast that prompted President Vladimir Putin to threaten to use force — a shock decision that has sparked the worst East-West crisis since the 1989 fall of the Berlin Wall.
Russia says it has stepped up protection of its naval base in Crimea and is working together with local self-defence units but refuses to acknowledge deploying extra troops.
But Ukrainian Border Guards General Mykola Kovil said on Friday there were now 30,000 Russian soldiers in Crimea—5,000 more than the contingent allowed under an existing agreement with Kiev.
The escalating tensions prompted Polish Foreign Minister Radoslaw Sikorski—a top proponent of Ukraine’s EU integration—to announce on Twitter on Saturday that Warsaw was evacuating its consulate in the Crimean port of Sevastopol that houses the Russian fleet.
Russia raises nuclear threat
Russia’s decision to flex its military muscle for the first time since it waged a brief war with Georgia in 2008 has prompted Washington to slap visa bans and asset freezes on top Moscow officials while also halting various forms of military cooperation.
The European Union has further threatened to toughen economic sanctions against Russia should it fail to immediately open talks with Ukraine.
But Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov told US Secretary of State John Kerry that any punitive measures would strike back like a “boomerang” against Washington.
Those warnings became more concrete on Saturday when a Russian defence official said Moscow was considering halting foreign inspections of its nuclear arsenal in response to “threats” from the United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
“The unfounded threats towards Russia from the United States and NATO over its policy on Ukraine are seen by us as an unfriendly gesture that allows the declaration of force majeure circumstances,” the unnamed high-ranking defence ministry official said in a statement to all Russian news agencies.
The arms inspections are carried out in line with the historic 2010 Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) with the United States—a highlight of Obama’s diplomacy—and the Vienna Document of 2011 on confidence-building measures between OSCE member states.
The state-run energy giant Gazprom had begun to pile the pressure on Friday by warning Ukraine it may cut off gas shipments on which its economy relies, for the first time since 2009.
The halt—ostensibly over debts that the economically struggling nation has been running for years — would almost certainly affect Gazprom’s Western European clients and further damage the Kremlin’s reputation.
Russia’s largest company is often accused of being wielded by the Kremlin as an economic weapon against uncooperative neighbouring nations that are considering breaking ties with Moscow — and consequently hindering Putin’s dream of building post-Soviet military and economic alliances to rival the NATO and EU blocs.
Media and cyber warfare
The military standoff and diplomatic wrangling have translated into an information war that has seen Western and Ukrainian journalist threatened by Crimean gunmen and the peninsula replace several federal channels based in Kiev with Russian state broadcasts.
And Lavrov on Saturday express “especially deep concerns” that two Russian television crews were reportedly turned away at the Donetsk airport by Ukrainian border personnel.
Britain’s BAE Systems defence and security company meanwhile reported that Ukraine has been striken by a powerful computer virus whose likes had not been seen since the Stuxnet malware programme wrecked havoc on Iran’s uranium enrichment programme in 2010.
BAE said the Snake virus first emerged in 2006 but made Ukraine into its main target once the political crisis in Kiev accelerated at the start of the year.
The British defence group said a code in the virus suggested that it was created in the same timezone as Moscow.
Pro-Russian protests
The Crimean parliament’s decision to secede from Ukraine and stage a March 16 referendum on joining Russia has been also been picked up in industrial eastern regions such as Yanukovych’s home base of Donetsk.
“We want to join Russia because we know their standard of living is well above what we have here,” said retiree Larisa Kukovina as she and a thousand other mostly elderly protesters faced off against 500 officers who had encircled the Donetsk administration building.
The seat of the region’s power has flown both Russian and Ukrainian flags after being repeatedly raided in the past week by irate protesters from both sides.
Police said about 4,000 protesters also gathered on Saturday for a similar rally in the nearby Russian-speaking city of Kharkiv.
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