Jobseekers line up at a job fair. FILE PHOTO
MANILA, Philippines—“Mahirap, nawalan ako ng trabaho. Mahirap, tiyak kong hindi magiging madali na makahanap ng panibago.”
(It’s tough, I lost my job. It’s tough, I know it will not be easy to look for a new one.)
This was how 51-year-old Ernie Batara Sr., expressed his pain, saying that “endless crises” left him hardly surviving since he was laid off.
He told INQUIRER.net that his work as a “weigher” of feed pellets in Isabela province ended as the company suffered losses because of the African swine fever.
He said while he received a separation pay, this was not enough, especially because he’s certain that it’s not easy to have a new job.
“Now, I’m helping my wife who works as a street vendor so that we’ll be able to thrive and make both ends meet,” he said.
Graphic by Danielle Marie Agacer
Batara, who has two children, was one of the 4.25 million unemployed Filipinos in September—higher than August’s 3.88 million and July’s 3.1 million.
READ: PSA: Number of unemployed Filipinos rises to 4.25M in Sept. 2021
The Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) said the rate was 8.9 percent—the highest since January’s 8.7 percent (4 million).
National Statistician Dennis Mapa said the rate’s increase was because of several reasons, but he emphasized that agriculture and forestry had the “largest drop in employment”—9.85 million in August to 8.99 million in September.
READ: Unemployed swell to 3.9M in August due to lockdowns
“We saw that [it’s because] of the end of the harvest season and bad weather conditions,” said Mapa, explaining the “drop”.
Batara’s industry—manufacturing—was the second with the biggest job loss (3.71 million to 3.37 million); ICT (494,000 to 368,000); mining and quarrying (214,000 to 139,000); and real estate (212,000 to 143,000).
COVID-19 lockdowns
The PSA also noted the lockdowns imposed in the Philippines, especially in Metro Manila, which was placed on Alert Level 4 in September.
Mapa said that while spikes in job losses were seen when there were restrictions, there have been “contributory factors”.
Graphic by Danielle Marie Agacer
He explained that the biggest “contributor” was bad weather. The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration said the Philippines was hit by typhoons Kiko and Jolina in September.
READ: Agri jobs’ decline pushes higher unemployment in September
In 2020, the International Labor Organization said 10.9 million workers in the Philippines will “likely face job disruption” because of the COVID-19 crisis.
Last July, when the jobless rate was 6.9 percent, there were 29 areas placed on modified enhanced community quarantine (MECQ) while general community quarantine with heightened restrictions (GCQ) was imposed in 11 areas.
Graphic by Danielle Marie Agacer
In August, when the jobless rate was 8.1 percent – Metro Manila, Laguna, Iloilo City, and Cagayan de Oro were placed on enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) while MECQ was imposed in Cavite, Lucena City, Rizal and Iloilo.
Employment
While the PSA said that there was also a drop in employment – 91.9 percent in August to 91.1 percent in September—there have been job spikes in several industries.
Graphic by Danielle Marie Agacer
But this translates to a 642,000 drop in employed individuals from 44.23 million in August to 43.59 million in September.
The industries with the largest increase in employment were wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles (9.50 million to 9.86 million), and public administration and defense; compulsory social security (2.63 million to 2.75 million.
Graphic by Danielle Marie Agacer
Education also had an increase in jobs (1.18 million to 1.29 million); construction (4.36 million to 4.46 million); and administrative and support service (1.81 million to 1.90 million).
The PSA said the Labor Force Participation Rate “slightly dropped” at 63.3 percent – lower than the 63.6 percent in August but higher than the 59.8 percent in July.
‘Hours worked’
Employed persons who worked for 40 hours and more were reported at 63.6 percent of the 43.59 million total employed, the PSA said.
Graphic by Danielle Marie Agacer
It also said that 34.9 percent worked for less than 40 hours and those reported with jobs but not at work accounted for 1.5 percent in September 2021.
“The average weekly hours worked by an employed person in September 2021 was reported at 40.2 hours per week. This was higher than the average weekly hours worked reported in August 2021 at 39.6 hours,” the PSA said.
Graphic by Danielle Marie Agacer
There was also a slight decline in underemployment – 14.7 percent in August to 14.2 percent in September. This translates to 6.18 million “underemployed persons.”