Italy plunged into political crisis, government risks collapse

Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte (L) and former Italian Prime Minister and leader of the Democratic Party, Matteo Renzi (AFP)

ROME–Italy was plunged into political crisis Wednesday after former premier Matteo Renzi withdrew his party from the ruling coalition, risking the collapse of the government in the middle of a raging coronavirus pandemic.

Renzi announced the resignation of two cabinet ministers and a junior minister from his Italia Viva party, in a split that deprives Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte of his parliamentary majority.

Tensions between the two men have been rising for weeks over the handling of the Covid-19 outbreak that has claimed more than 80,000 lives in Italy and sent the economy into a deep recession.

They came to a head over plans to spend more than 200 billion euros ($243 billion) in European Union recovery funds that Renzi warned risked being wasted.

But critics accused him of simply seeking more power for his party, which is polling at just three percent — and warned that now is not the time to quit the coalition.

“For sure, the country would definitely not understand a crisis… people are asking us to go on, in such a complex, difficult situation,” Conte warned earlier.

During a cabinet meeting on Wednesday evening, Conte “deplored the significant damage that a government crisis causes our country in the middle of a pandemic”.

Health Minister Roberto Speranza added: “It would really be an unforgivable mistake to get distracted or to slow down near the finish line.”

Ready for discussions

Renzi has been complaining for weeks about Conte’s leadership, accusing him of a lack of consultation, particularly over the recovery plan, and accusing the government of being “stagnant”.

At a news conference in Rome on Wednesday, he rejected calls to keep silent because of the pandemic, saying: “Democracy either always is or it isn’t.”

But he said he would still support the government on help for businesses and measures to stem the spread of Covid-19.

He said what happened next was Conte’s move, adding: “We are ready for all kinds of discussions.”

The PM had earlier Wednesday visited President Sergio Mattarella, the ultimate arbiter of Italian political crises, to find a way through.

He afterwards urged Renzi to reconsider, proposing that the coalition regroup under a new pact that would take them through to the next scheduled elections in 2023.

The two main coalition parties, the populist Five Star Movement (M5S) and the centre-left Democratic Party (PD), still support Conte and condemned Renzi’s move.

Both they and Italia Viva have an incentive to avoid snap elections, with opinion polls pointing to defeat.

By contrast, the centre-right opposition welcomed the crisis, with far-right League party leader Matteo Salvini saying: “The sooner they leave, the better.”

All options open

There are two ways to avoid snap elections.

Conte could seek a vote of confidence in parliament, in the hope of securing enough support from opposition lawmakers to fill Renzi’s place.

Italia Viva’s 18 senators hold the balance of power in the Senate, although Conte’s majority is solid in the lower house, the Chamber of Deputies.

Alternatively, the premier could resign and seek a quick reappointment from Mattarella at the head of a reshuffled cabinet that gives Renzi bigger jobs — although this runs the risk of Renzi trying to replace him.

“All options are open,” said Lorenzo Castellani, a political expert at Rome’s LUISS University, but he told AFP the same parties would likely stay in power.

Lorenzo Pregliasco from the University of Bologna added: “Renzi opened the crisis with the withdrawal of the government delegation, but left the door open.

“We cannot rule out a stitch-up, however surreal it may be.”