PORT OF SPAIN, Trinidad and Tobago—Commonwealth leaders representing two billion people on Saturday threw their combined weight behind upcoming climate talks, driving momentum towards a new carbon-cutting treaty.
"We, as the Commonwealth, representing one third of the world's population, believe the time for action on climate change has come," Australian Prime Minister Rudd said as he unveiled an agreement struck at a summit in Trinidad.
The Port of Spain Climate Change Consensus, backed by all 53 member-states of the Commonwealth, supports the December 7-18 climate talks in Copenhagen and commits to seeking a legally binding treaty in 2010 that would set targets for greenhouse gas emission reductions.
It also upheld the adoption of clean energy, a carbon-credits trading scheme and the need for wealthier countries to pay developing nations to help them bear the economic costs of implementing environmentally friendly policies.
The statement was another boost for the Copenhagen talks, which only recently had been forecast to fail by several officials.
In the past two weeks though, major polluters the United States, China, and Brazil have all come forward with numerical carbon-reducing goals to be presented at the talks.
India, the only major nation yet to provide target, said it was also preparing figures.
High-profile leaders, including United States President Barack Obama, have also said they would travel to Copenhagen.
Danish Prime Minister Lars Loekke Rasmussen, who will host the talks, said: "I remain fully convinced that it will be possible to reach an agreement in Copenhagen." At least 90 leaders will be attending.
United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, too, hailed the "momentum for success."
But he cautioned work still had to be done to seal an accord.
"We are united in purpose, we are not yet united in action," he said, urging world leaders "to stay focused, stay committed, and come to Copenhagen."
The Commonwealth consensus statement hailed an initial $10-billion -a-year fund that from 2010 would help pay "vulnerable countries," notably small island states, to sign on to a climate treaty. It would also help slow deforestation and finance technology transfer.
The fund was advocated at the summit by British Prime Minister Gordon Brown, who pledged $1.3 billion to it over the next three years, and French President Nicolas Sarkozy, who was there as a special guest at Brown's invitation.
Rudd said the Commonwealth climate change statement was "one further significant step... and we believe the political goodwill and resolve exists to secure a comprehensive agreement at Copenhagen."
The foundations were coming together to achieve a "comprehensive, substantial, and operationally-binding agreement" in the Copenhagen talks, he said.
Commonwealth summit host Prime Minister Patrick Manning of Trinidad and Secretary General Kamalesh Sharma emphasized that the diversity of the Commonwealth—whose members count rich nations Britain and Canada as well as small states such as the Maldives—was valuable in closing differences ahead of Copenhagen.
"The Commonwealth's strength is the quality of voice it gives to everyone," Sharma said.
The consensus text, however, showed some divergences remained, notably on whether global temperature increases should be constrained to below 1.5 degrees Celsius (34.7 degrees Fahrenheit) or to no more than two degrees Celsius (35.6 degrees Fahrenheit).
Such a range could mean the difference between survival and catastrophe for low-lying island states threatened by flooding from global warming.
Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said Saturday that his country's carbon emission cut targets, when unveiled, would be "ambitious," though conditional on other countries also taking up the burden.
India and other major developing countries such as Brazil contend that rich countries are historically responsible for global warming and thus should fund emission cuts in poorer nations.
