On Feb. 5, 1945, Imperial Japanese troops ordered Intramuros residents to leave their houses and held them hostage inside San Agustin Church.
This came after Japanese marines commanded by Rear Adm. Sanji Iwabuchi retreated to Intramuros, blowing up all bridges across Pasig River.
Some of the hostages were later killed at Palacio del Gobernador while some were liberated by Filipino and American forces on Feb. 23, 1945. —Marielle Medina
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