There can be no keener revelation of a society’s soul than the way in which it treats children, 1993 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Nelson Mandela stressed. The frail 93-year statesman’s yardstick resonates here where over 1.7 million children huddle in Metro Manila slums.
State of the World’s Children 2010 meets this issue head-on. Released by United Nations Children’s Fund Tuesday, SOWC’s theme is children in a world of “imploding cities.”
Impoverished rural migrants and children cascade into urban centers like Olongapo, Batangas, Naga, Cebu, Iloilo, Bacolod, Cagayan de Oro and Davao. That torrent hasn’t ebbed.
By 2010, urban residents already crested at 49 percent. Demographers clocked that surge in city populations at 2.3 percent annually. Today half of 2012 population is urban—and rising.
This pattern holds worldwide. Children born into today’s already-crowded cities “account for 60 percent of urban growth. One out of three kids huddle in shacks atop rubbish dumps or even cemetery shacks.” In eight years, 1.4 billion will cluster in informal settlements, SOWC forecasts.
Many children are seared by “the urban experience, all too often one of poverty and exclusion”. Often clean water, health care, electricity, schools are a block away—but beyond reach due to myopic governance. A full third of urban kids lack these basic amenities. Daily, they grapple with the “five deprivations of slums: dry water taps, lack of toilets, cramped makeshift houses, often razed in forced evictions.
“Their urban childhoods reflect the broad disparities that cities contain: rich beside poor, opportunity beside the struggle for survival. . . . Children mired in urban penury fare as badly as, or worse, than children living in rural indigence.”
“U5MR” offers a good cross-check indicator.. “U5MR”—what? That’s shorthand for the stark “Under-Five Mortality Rate.”
Out of every 1,000 birthshere in 1990, there were 59 kids who never made it to age 5. We slashed that to 29 in 2010. Today, the country is almost on par with Dominican Republic but lags behind Malaysia’s 6. As result, we’re wedged at Slot 80 in an overall ranking of 193 countries. Is that good enough? Not if “life is the threshold at which other hopes begin.”
“The number of the poor and undernourished wears an increasingly human face,” the Unicef study notes. The ill-fed poor are “increasing faster in urban than in rural areas . . . Even the well-fed can suffer the hidden hunger of micronutrient malnutrition.”
Here, 21 out of every 100 infants have low weight at birth. Wasting and stunting (32 percent) result when kids are nursed by wizened chronically malnourished mothers. Globally, “poor nutrition contributes to more than a third of under-five deaths.”
Overall data shows “urban dwellers worldwide enjoy better access to drinking water and sanitation than people in rural settings. Even so, water and sanitation coverage to keep pace with rapid urban growth.”
There is no substitute for water. You can’t drink oil. Every man, woman and child needs almost four liters of water daily. Our “water abundance” is a shattered myth. Each Filipino has 4,476 liters of “internal renewable resources.” Malaysians have 21,259 liters.
Water disparities are starkest, within the same city. Squatters who huddle in shacks along foul esteros or rubbish dumps pay 15 times more for murky water from peddlers than those who shower, with hot water. in high walled subdivisions. “We pay more for our gastroenteritis,” says a nun who works in Cebu’s waterfront slums.
Don’t let those glowing overall enrollment figures fool you either. Poverty compels 33 out of every 100 to quit school before reaching grade 6. “From grades 5 through the end of high school, boys drop out 2 to 2.5 times more than girls.”
In five years, school dropouts here bolted from 1.8 million to 2.2 million. Slum kids are least likely to enroll or first to quit school. Yet that is their only escape hatch from a lifetime of need. “Worldwide, urban areas show pronounced disparities in the amount of schooling children receive.”
Of 2.5 million people in forced labor, as a result from trafficking, up to almost half are children. Many end up in brothels.
We’re fixated by by the Monday-to-Thursday impeachment trial in the Senate. Will we get a Supreme Court chief justice who won’t fudge his statement of assets and liabilities or shove dollar accounts under the rug? many ask.
SOWC 2012 poses equally pressing concerns. How do we strip away blinders on the plight of children in our cities? The dominant image is still that of a shriveled sub-Saharan child. Statistical averaging masks the reality of hungry kids beyond our blinders..
Can we cobble better plans and deliver effective services for their unique needs from birth registration to immunization and protection from sex trafficking?
That calls for going beyond lip service. Government, specially at local levels, must forge effective partnerships with citizens and international agencies to shatter marginalization’s shackles on our kids.
“Ever disadvantaged child bears witness to a moral offense: (our) failure to secure his right to survive and thrive,” writes Unicef’s Anthony Lake”. SOWC 2012 is about muffled sobs of kids who drew the short straw.