January 23 of every year was declared “Araw ng Republikang Filipino, 1899” by virtue of Proclamation No. 533 signed on Jan. 9, 2013 by then President Benigno Aquino III to commemorate the inauguration of the First Philippine Republic (also known as the Malolos Republic) on Jan. 23, 1899. —Marielle Medina, Inquirer Research
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