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Today, September 27, is the 146th birth anniversary of Miguel Malvar, the last Filipino general to surrender to the Americans at the close of the Philippine-American War. A businessman, he joined the Katipunan in 1896 and fought against the Spaniards. He eventually fought against the Americans and assumed command of the Philippine revolutionary forces after the capture of Emilio Aguinaldo in 1901. He surrendered in 1902 after his family members and loyal soldiers fell sick and his fellow generals gave themselves up. He was offered a government position by the Americans, which he declined. He died in Manila on Oct. 13, 1911, due to a liver ailment.—Schatzi Quodala, Inquirer Research