One month after Yolanda, PH faces huge challenges

A typhoon survivor stands on rubbish in Tacloban, central Philippines on Sunday, Dec. 8, 2013. One month since Typhoon Haiyan, signs of progress in this shattered Philippine city are mixed with reminders of the scale of the disaster and the challenges ahead: Bodies are still being uncovered from beneath the debris. Tens of thousands are living amid the ruins of their former lives, underneath shelters made from scavenged materials and handouts. AP

TACLOBAN CITY, Philippines — A month after one of the strongest typhoons ever recorded hit this country, masses of survivors are living amid rubble in rebuilt shanty homes and experts say reconstructing destroyed communities will take years.

The sight of people sleeping and cooking in wasteland towns highlights the overwhelming problems as an initial, frenzied emergency relief effort transforms into one focused on long-term rehabilitation.

“A lot of people have received emergency assistance, but this is just the beginning,” Matthew Cochrane, a spokesman for the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs in the worst-hit city of Tacloban, told AFP.

The Philippines endures more than 20 major storms a year but Supertyphoon “Yolanda” (international name: Haiyan) was the most destructive on record, with at least 5,796 people killed and another 1,779 missing, according to government data.

Yolanda also made history as having the strongest winds ever recorded to make landfall, striking the eastern island of Samar with gusts of 315 kilometers an hour.

But surprise storm surges proved to be more devastating than the winds, sending walls of water up to two storeys high through dozens of mostly poor coastal communities on Samar and neighboring Leyte island.

More than a million homes were damaged or destroyed, while water rushed through schools and other supposedly safe coastal buildings used as evacuation centers, killing many people sheltering there.

Permanent homes a top priority

Cochrane said one of the top priorities, exactly one month after Yolanda struck on November 8, was building new homes and communities for roughly 500,000 families.

But with the process expected to take up to five years and cost billions of dollars, many people have already left evacuation centres and started the rebuilding themselves, often using salvaged material.

In Tacloban, 81-year-old Gnerio Trinidad sat at the weekend inside her tiny wooden home that was rebuilt on stilts above a putrid swamp of debris, as her neighbours threw broken furniture and shattered coconut trees onto a fire.

“I’m afraid that another typhoon will come, but there’s nowhere else to go… if the government gives us another place to live, we will move,” Trinidad said as her three grandchildren played in the house.

In a neighboring district, 18-year-old Ronnie Melaflor had recently finished erecting a makeshift Christmas tree using a bamboo pole and tinsel. It stood on broken concrete and tiles next to his family’s wooden hut.

“We can’t put a tree inside, but I still want to celebrate Christmas,” said Melaflor, who escaped the devastation wrought upon his community by sheltering with his seven siblings and parents in a nearby school.

Outside of the cities, the government and relief workers are rushing to help tens of thousands of farmers who lost their livelihoods in the storm.

The next rice harvest must be planted this month, so urgent programmes are underway to clear farms of debris, fix irrigation channels and get seeds out to remote areas.

“This is a huge issue for food security… it’s going to be an enormous challenge to meet the deadline,” Ian Bray, a spokesman for international charity Oxfam, told AFP.

Hundreds of thousands of people will also need some form of help to address the mental trauma of living through what many in the mainly Catholic country have likened to hell.

“In a disaster like this it’s not just about meeting the physical reconstruction needs, it’s about addressing the mental scars,” said International Federation of the Red Cross spokesman Patrick Fuller.

Church services on Sunday were part of that healing process, with survivors listening to sermons focused on hope and resilience.

“Whatever hardships and sufferings we have had, we should try to move on and forget and start all over again,” Father Isagani Petilos told a morning mass at Tacloban’s Santo Nino Church, which still has missing windows and holes in its roof.

“We have to learn to accept what happened in our lives, and we can still hope that there’s a beautiful life ahead.”

But candlelight prayer vigils at mass graves as night fell, to commemorate one month since the disaster, showed the priest’s advice would be impossible for many to follow.

Hundreds turned up at the grave sites to light candles and chant prayers in unison, including Irish Ann Maraya, a 20-year-old nanny who lost her parents, sister, aunt and an uncle.

“I came to pray that their souls will rest in peace,” Maraya said.

‘Big differences’

Another UN official, Luiza Carvalho, said that although reconstruction efforts in the affected areas went full swing, but the United Nations said that a full rehabilitation is still a long way to go.

Carvalho, the resident and Humanitarian Coordinator of the United Nations to the Philippines, said that there have been “big differences” that happened in Tacloban a month after her first visit, a statement from the UN said.

She added that Tacloban airport has resumed operations, water systems reconnected and the city hall has opened to continue its functions.

“It is encouraging to see significant progess in such a short space of time but we need to remember there is a long road ahead,” Carvalho said.

The UN has supported the Philippine government in all of the response concerning relief and rehabilitation efforts and has so far reached three million people with food assistance and more than 20,000 families received rice seeds.

According to the report, 100,000 children up to 2-years-old, pregnant women and new mothers would be assisted with feeding programs for the next six months.

Medical teams are covering 25 municipalities and cash-for-work projects were launched to re-ignite the economy.

The UN statement said shelter and livelihood remained as the top priority for the humanitarian efforts to get the people’s situations back to normal.

“The people of the Philippines are known the world over for their resilience,” Carvalho said. “You just have to see Tacloban and how the recovery of the city, which was so badly damaged, is underway,” Carvalho said.

“Working with the government, the humanitarian community will continue to assist in the creation of livelihoods and to provide shelter solutions for the many people whose homes were destroyed.”

In the report, the next challenges would be the reopening of schools and the restoration of public buildings.

Also, the international community has rallied to support the affected communities and would still continue the efforts well into 2014 if needed.

“We are grateful for the international outpouring of support and we ask that it continues in the months ahead to enure people have access to sufficient food and clean water as well as to help provide the tools and equipment to enable them to rebuild their homes,” said Carvalho.

“These inputs are essential to enable people to return to a productive and healthy life.”

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