Pope celebrates last public Mass as pontiff

VATICAN CITY— Starting his public farewell to his flock, a weary Pope Benedict XVI celebrated his final public Mass as pontiff, presiding over Ash Wednesday services hours after a bittersweet audience that produced the extraordinary scene of the pope explaining his decision to step down directly to the faithful.

The mood inside St. Peter’s Basilica was somber during the Mass, as if the weight of Benedict’s decision and the finality of his pontificate had finally registered with the thousands of faithful present. But the basilica erupted in a rousing, minutes-long standing ovation as Benedict exited for the last time as pope, bringing tears to the eyes of some of his closest collaborators.

“We wouldn’t be sincere, Your Holiness, if we didn’t tell you that there’s a veil of sadness on our hearts this evening,” Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, Benedict’s longtime deputy, told the pope at the end of the service, his voice breaking.

“Thank you for having given us the luminous example of the simple and humble worker in the vineyard of the Lord,” Bertone said, quoting Benedict’s own words when he first appeared on the loggia overlooking St. Peter’s Square after he was elected pope.

“Viva il papa!” the crowd yelled as Benedict stepped off the altar.

Ash Wednesday marks the start of Lent, the most solemn season on the Church’s liturgical calendar that ends with Holy Week, when the faithful commemorate the death of Christ and His resurrection on Easter Sunday. By this Easter, on March 31, the Church will likely have a new pope.

The scene was festive earlier in the day, when Benedict took the extraordinary step of speaking directly to his flock about why he had broken with 600 years of tradition and decided to retire on Feb. 28.

“As you know, I have decided to renounce the ministry that the Lord gave to me on April 19, 2005,” Benedict said, to warm applause. “I did this in full liberty for the good of the Church.”

He thanked the faithful for their prayers and love, which he said he had “physically felt in these days that haven’t been easy for me.” And he asked them to “to continue to pray for me, the Church, and the future pope.”

Benedict looked tired but serene as he basked in a standing ovation when he entered the packed hall for his traditional Wednesday catechism lesson. His speech was interrupted repeatedly by applause, and many in the audience of thousands had tears in their eyes.

A huge banner reading “Grazie Santita” (Thank you Your Holiness) was strung up at the back of the room and a chorus of Italian schoolchildren serenaded him with one of his favorite hymns in German—a gesture that won over the pope, who thanked them for singing a piece “particularly dear to me.”

He appeared wan and spoke very softly, but his eyes twinkled at the flock’s welcome—warm and heartfelt if somewhat bittersweet.

“He gave us eight wonderful years of his words,” said Ileana Sviben, an Italian from the northern city of Trieste who couldn’t hide her sadness. “He was a wonderful theologian and pastor.”

The Rev. Reinaldo Braga Jr., a Brazilian priest studying theology in Rome, said he, too, was saddened when he first heard the news.

“The atmosphere was funereal but nobody had died,” he said. “But then I realized it was a wise act for the entire Church. He taught the Church and the world that the papacy is not about power but about service.”

It was a sentiment the retiring Benedict himself emphasized Wednesday when he told his flock that the “path of power is not the road of God.”

Benedict is the first pope to resign in nearly 600 years, and the decision has placed the Vatican in uncharted waters: No one knows what he’ll be called or even what he’ll wear after Feb. 28.

The Vatican, however, revealed some details of his final day as pope, saying he would attend a morning farewell ceremony with his cardinals and then fly off by helicopter at 5 p.m. to the papal summer retreat at Castel Gandolfo.

Under that timetable, Benedict will be far from the Vatican when he ceases being pope at 8 p.m.—a deadline decided by Benedict himself because that’s when his normal workday ends.

Vatican spokesman the Rev. Federico Lombardi said no formal or symbolic act was needed to make his resignation official at that time, because Benedict has already done all that was required to resign by affirming publicly he had taken the decision freely.

Benedict’s final official acts as pope will include audiences with the Romanian and Guatemalan presidents this week and the Italian president on Feb. 23.

Making sure the transition goes smoothly, Benedict made an important appointment Wednesday, naming the No. 2 administrator of the Vatican city state, Monsignor Giuseppe Sciacca, as a legal adviser to the camerlengo.

The camerlengo, or chamberlain, helps administer the Vatican bureaucracy in the period between Benedict’s resignation and the election of a new pope. The current camerlengo is Bertone, the Vatican secretary of state.

He and the dean of the College of Cardinals, his predecessor Cardinal Angelo Sodano, will have a major role in organizing the conclave, during which the 117 or so cardinals under the age of 80 will vote on who should succeed Benedict.

The Vatican has made clear that Benedict will play no role in the election of his successor, and once retired, he will be fully retired. He plans to live a life of prayer in a converted monastery on the far northern edge of the Vatican gardens.

But his continued physical presence within the Vatican walls has raised questions about how removed he really will be from the life of the Church. Lombardi acknowledged that Benedict would still be able to see his friends and colleagues.

“I think the successor and also the cardinals will be very happy to have very nearby a person that best of all can understand what the spiritual needs of the Church are,” Lombardi said.

Benedict is expected, however, to keep a low public profile.

As a result, Benedict’s final public appearances—his last general audience will be Feb. 27—are expected to draw great crowds, as they may well represent some of the last public speeches for a man who has spent his life—as a priest, a cardinal and a pope—teaching and preaching.

And they will also give the faithful a way to say farewell under happier circumstances than when his predecessor, Pope John Paul II, died in 2005.

Benedict will honor his existing engagements in the final days of his papacy with a few notable exceptions like meetings with Italian President Giorgio Napolitano and Prime Minister Mario Monti.

Benedict’s resignation has eclipsed campaigning for the February 24-25 election in Italy, with analysts saying it could have a major impact on the outcome—perhaps stopping scandal-tainted billionaire Silvio Berlusconi’s rise in the polls.

At the Vatican, next week will be given over to a spiritual retreat which is sure to be dominated by jockeying among factions within the College of Cardinals over the choice of Benedict’s successor.

The new pope will have to face up to growing secularism in the West, one of the Church’s biggest challenges.

Benedict admonished Wednesday: “You cannot be Christians as a simple consequence of living in a society with Christian roots.”

He added: “Even those born into a Christian family and given a religious education should… put God first in the face of the temptations that a secular culture presents all the time.”

Pope urges end to hypocrisy at final Mass

by Dario THUBURN

AFP

VATICAN CITY—Pope Benedict XVI urged an end to “religious hypocrisy” and “rivalry” in the Catholic Church as he donned his papal miterfor the last time at an emotional Mass in St. Peter’s Basilica on Wednesday.

Wearing the purple robes of Lent—a period of penitence for Catholics before Easter—the pontiff was conveyed through the basilica’s vast nave on a mobile platform because of his growing infirmity.

Benedict urged the faithful to be sincere in their faith in his final Mass as leader of the world’s 1.2 billion Catholics before he becomes only the second pontiff to resign voluntarily in the Church’s 2,000 years.

He condemned “religious hypocrisy” and called for an end to divisions, saying that “the face of the Church is sometimes marred by sins against the unity of the Church and divisions in the clergy,” an apparent reference to the pedophilia or Vatileaks scandals plaguing the institution.

The pope also called for an end to “individualism and rivalry.”

Earlier Wednesday, the frail pontiff was greeted by a standing ovation, applause and chants of “Benedetto” at his weekly audience with thousands of believers in a Vatican auditorium.

A prominent banner read: “Thank You, Holiness.”

Benedict told the crowd he had taken his momentous decision “for the good of the Church.”

“Keep praying for me, for the Church and for the future pope,” he said, his voice full of emotion.

Wearing his workaday white cassock and skullcap, the pontiff said he could feel the faithful’s love “almost physically in these difficult days.”

The Vatican announced that cardinal electors—the princes of the Church—will meet on or in the days after March 15 to choose Benedict’s successor.

“The beginning of the conclave cannot be before March 15,” Vatican spokesman Federico Lombardi told a press conference. “We have to expect a conclave starting on the 15th, 16th, 17th 18th or 19th.”

The secret conclave held in the Sistine Chapel under Michelangelo’s famed ceiling frescoes—deliberations that normally last a few days—should produce a new pope in time for Easter.

Many ordinary Catholics have said they would like the new pope to be more in tune with the times after the traditionalist reigns of Benedict and his long-time predecessor John Paul II.

“I want someone who is youthful and with a youthful spirit who can be more flexible,” said Ieva Tamosaityte, 25, a Lithuanian musician in the congregation at the pope’s last Mass.

“I would like future popes to retire when they get old too,” she said, as staff in the basilica distributed photos of the outgoing pope.

Rumors have begun flying over front-runners to succeed Benedict, but no clear candidate has emerged yet and the decision will be up to the 117 elector cardinals.

While some hope that Africa or Asia could yield the next pontiff, others have tipped high-flying European or North American cardinals.

Benedict announced on Monday that he would resign because he no longer had the strength to carry out his duties.

Although the Vatican has denied specific health problems influenced his decision, it said Tuesday he had a secret operation to replace the batteries in his pacemaker three months ago.

Benedict will no longer be pope from 1900 GMT on February 28, after which as Lombardi put it “people will know they no longer have to go to him for questions regarding the Universal Church.”

Shortly before the time runs out on his papacy, a helicopter will whisk Benedict away to the papal summer residence in Castel Gandolfo near Rome where he will live temporarily while his new permanent residence in the Vatican is being renovated.