KARACHI, Pakistan—Gunshots rattled Pakistan’s largest city Saturday as authorities scrambled to bring an end to political and ethnic violence that has claimed at least 93 lives in five days.
The fighting in Karachi, a southern port city of 18 million people, has added to the instability in this nuclear-armed nation and US ally already bedeviled by Islamist militancy.
Karachi occasionally erupts in violence, often due to various ethnic, political and sectarian tensions — which often overlap because some political parties have been formed along ethnic and religious lines. But the latest spell is extraordinary even by Karachi standards.
It follows the decision by the city’s most powerful political party, the Muttahida Qaumi Movement, to leave the federal ruling coalition and join the opposition, though it’s not entirely clear that was the spark. Historically, however, such moves by the MQM have been accompanied by outbursts of fighting.
Senior police official Saood Mirza said Saturday that more than 150 people were detained on suspicion of a role in the battles that have gripped several neighborhoods. Some shops were reopening as security forces took position in trouble spots, but in many areas people were still too scared to leave home.
The violence in parts of the sprawling metropolis got so bad that security forces were ordered to shoot gunmen on sight Friday. Federal authorities have promised to deploy 1,000 paramilitary Frontier Constabulary troops but officials said that has yet to happen, which is frustrating residents.
“We hope that we will restore peace in Karachi soon,” said Sharfuddin Memon, a security adviser for Sindh province, where Karachi is located.
Karachi routinely witnesses more 1,000 violent deaths a year, but officials say crime here has risen as Al-Qaeda and Taliban-led militancy has spread in Pakistan. Karachi’s misfortune is distressing nationally because it is the country’s primary business center, and the economy of Pakistan is already struggling.
According to the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan, 1,138 people have been killed in Karachi in the first six months of this year, a figure that doesn’t include the latest fighting. Of those, 490 were victims of so-called targeted killings, which are often linked to political, ethnic and sectarian groups.
Many of the killings that began Tuesday appeared linked to political and ethnic turf battles, officials said. Some of Karachi’s leading political parties have been formed along ethnic lines, though all deny targeting one another’s activists.
The MQM dominates Karachi politics, but over time it has seen challenges to its power as an influx of ethnic Pashtun residents have moved to the city and given a boost to the rival Awami National Party, a Pashtun nationalist party.
Also in the mix is the Pakistan People’s Party, which is ruling party on the federal level as well as in the province of Sindh. All three parties were partners in the federal ruling coalition until late June, when the MQM said it would join the opposition.
Late Friday, Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari, Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani and other top officials met to discuss the Karachi violence. Afterward, they announced they would support making changes to the system of local government in the Karachi area to make authorities more responsive to crises.
However, it is unclear whether some of their proposed changes, such as bringing back a system of appointed commissioners, will appease the MQM, which prefers to have an elected system of local leaders, which is more likely to give it additional influence in the city.
US Ambassador to Pakistan Cameron Munter also expressed deep concern over the escalating violence in Karachi this week. In a statement on Friday, he called “on all parties to refrain from further violence and work toward a peaceful resolution of differences.”