MANILA — With Christmas fast approaching, Mindalyn Villanueva is counting the days until she can buy essentials with food stamps she receives as part of a new program to help some of the Philippines’ poorest families.
“I can buy rice, noodles, and bread. At least for a few days, we don’t have to worry about food,” said the 43-year-old mother-of-three who lives in Tondo, one of the poorest areas of the capital, Manila.
Villanueva was among 3,000 families selected in July for a six-month pilot of the national food stamp program. Each received P3,000 ($54) of monthly credit to buy vegetables, rice, meat and other staples from partner stores.
About one in 10 Filipinos suffers from food insecurity, according to the World Food Program (WFP), and President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. has made food stamps his flagship policy to reduce hunger among the poorest 1 million households, or roughly 6.5 million people, by 2027.
The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) aims to have the first 300,000 households enrolled in the program receive food stamps before Christmas, funded by $3 million from the Asian Development Bank and $34 million of government money.
More than handouts
“Poverty is a big problem here in the Philippines. But there are low-hanging fruits out there that we can address to reduce poverty. One of which is hunger,” Social Welfare Assistant Secretary Baldr Bringas told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.
Rising food costs have fueled inflation in the Philippines in recent years, and Bringas said the COVID-19 pandemic had pushed more families into food insecurity.
“Government resources are very limited, so we must ensure that the assistance goes to the proper people,” he said, adding that the program did more than simply hand out cash.
“We teach our beneficiaries how to prepare affordable, delicious and nutritious food. At the same time, we also require them to attend employment promotions,” Bringas said. But critics say the food stamp program will not be enough to combat poverty and hunger in the country of 114 million people, saying structural reforms—not aid handouts—are the way to tackle entrenched poverty.
“Its magnitude does not address the risk of hunger of tens of millions of Filipino families,” said Sonny Africa, executive director of IBON Foundation, a nonprofit research group.
“Poverty persists, not because there are not enough welfare programs, it’s because the economy is not creating enough jobs and incomes for most Filipinos,” he said.
Overall, the Philippine economy has performed well, growing 7.6 percent last year and 5.7 percent in 2021, according to the World Bank, and poverty rates have fallen in recent years.
Unemployment is also low, at about 4 percent, according to the Philippine Statistics Authority, but about 40 percent of people work informally, meaning they are less likely to have access to social protection and are more at risk during a crisis.
Many countries have experimented with various forms of food stamps, and similar schemes are in use from Chile to Mongolia.
The United States began its first food stamp program in 1939 and, though it has been revamped many times since, the renamed Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program still helps more than 40 million people.
Cash—either bank notes, vouchers, or electronic funds—now make up more than a third of WFP assistance due to its flexibility, efficiency, and the choice it affords beneficiaries.
Women at center
In the Philippines, ensuring women are at the center of antipoverty efforts is crucial to their success, said Reiza Dejito, director of CARE Philippines, a humanitarian nongovernment organization.
“The food program marks a critical step in addressing food insecurity, but its effectiveness can be significantly enhanced by integrating gender-transformative insights and inclusive practices,” Dejito said.
Villanueva said she would often prioritize feeding her children instead of herself, but with food stamps for staples, the program will go some way toward meeting her needs.
“I’m very happy that at least we don’t have to worry about rice anymore,” she said. —Thomson Reuters Foundation
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