FILE PHOTO: Stefania Briganti, a ballerina in Milan looks at the sulphuric fumes billowing from the Campi Flegrei (Phlegraean Fields) volcanic region in Pozzuoli, as she plans to move to Pozzuoli to be with her boyfriend despite repeated earthquakes in the area, Italy, October 10, 2023. REUTERS/Ciro De Luca/File Photo
POZZUOLI, Italy — The talk in shops and coffee bars in Pozzuoli, a port town outside Naples, is not about soccer or politics, but of the fear that has gripped residents since a supervolcano sparked a swarm of earthquakes.
Over the past weeks the government has been planning for a possible mass evacuation of tens of thousands of people who live around the vast volcanic area known as the Campi Flegrei, or Phlegraean Fields, from the ancient Greek word for burning.
Sulphurous fumes escape from the surface, giving the area a surreal look and making it a magnet for tourists.
Residents have become used to the smell, the fumes and the trembling. There were more than a thousand quakes in September, most of them minor.
But a 4.2 magnitude earthquake on Sept. 27, the strongest jolt in more than 40 years to rattle the volcanic field, sparked fears that what scientists call a “seismic crisis” may be underway for the first time since the early 1980s.
The big quake, which caused no serious structural damage, and about 500 smaller ones so far in October, have made residents such as Annamaria Scardi, a mother of two teenagers, feel tense.
“Even those small ones (quakes) make us afraid,” she said. “We are worried because (we are supposed to) run away. But where do we go? Where? This is the situation. We’re on edge.”
Experts say there is no imminent threat of an eruption but they are concerned that the geophysical activity is causing ground uplift and descent, which can destabilise buildings.
The government, which discussed the situation in cabinet this month, would order an evacuation if civil protection officials warned buildings were in danger of collapse.
FILE PHOTO: Volcanologists carry out a survey at the site of the Campi Flegrei (Phlegraean Fields) volcanic region in Pozzuoli, Italy, October 10, 2023. REUTERS/Ciro De Luca/File Photo
Moving magma
Known as bradyseism, the shifts are caused by the filling or emptying of magma chambers deep underground.
When a similar crisis struck four decades ago, it lasted several years and forced the temporary evacuation of 40,000 people from Pozzuoli, known as the hometown of actress Sophia Loren.
“My family is divided… I want to stay, but my wife and children are looking for a house in the Castel Volturno area,” said Vincenzo Russo, referring to a town about 30 km (18 miles) north.
“When you sleep at night, the nightmare is always there. You forget the situation and you’re on the couch, and then the tremor is there with you. There are big ones and small ones. Yesterday, for example, we had two small tremors before lunch,” he said.
On a recent afternoon, Angelo Prezzini and friends, gathered in the courtyard of a social club for retirees to play cards as they do nearly every day, took a more sanguine view.
Prezzini, 78, said he would defy any evacuation order, while 66-year-old Luigi Ilardi, chimed in: “We are used to it. I’ve been used to it since I was 13”.