Members of a military council that staged a coup in Niger attend a rally at a stadium in Niamey, Niger, August 6, 2023. REUTERS FILE PHOTO
NIAMEY — Niger was slapped with more sanctions on Tuesday, hours after its new military leaders rejected the latest diplomatic mission aimed at restoring constitutional order following a July 26 coup.
Nigerian President Bola Tinubu ordered the new sanctions through Nigeria’s central bank, aimed at squeezing those involved in the takeover, a presidential spokesperson said.
The sanctions were imposed after the junta denied a joint delegation from West African states, the African Union (AU) and the United Nations permission to enter Niger, resisting pressure from the United States and the UN to come to the negotiating table.
Late on Tuesday, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) confirmed the joint mission had been aborted and said in a statement it would “continue to deploy all measures in order to restore constitutional order in Niger.”
Regional and Western powers fear the coup will destabilize the Sahel region of West Africa, one of the world’s poorest that is already dealing with a string of coups and a deadly Islamist insurgency.
Border and airspace closures have cut off supplies of medicine and food, hampering UN humanitarian aid. U.S. and Western interests in Niger, a former ally, are also under threat.
“We are still hopeful and we are still trying to achieve a result that is a return to the constitutional order,” U.S. State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller told reporters on Tuesday.
Funding for international military education and training, peacekeeping operations, and foreign military financing programs supporting Niger’s counterterrorism capabilities are among the assistance the U.S. has paused since the coup, he said.
Ecowas Summit planned for Thursday
ECOWAS heads of state are preparing for a summit on Thursday to discuss their standoff with the junta, which defied an Aug. 6 deadline to reinstate ousted President Mohamed Bazoum.
ECOWAS defense chiefs agreed last week on a possible military action plan, which the heads of state are expected to consider at their summit in the Nigerian capital, Abuja.
Still, Tinubu’s spokesperson said the leaders prefer a diplomatic solution.
“No options have been taken off the table,” the spokesperson told reporters in Abuja, adding that “far-reaching decisions” would be taken at the summit concerning the bloc’s next steps.
Explaining the decision to not allow the delegation in on Tuesday, Niger’s junta said it could not guarantee their safety in the face of popular anger. It also denounced “a climate of threatened aggression against Niger”.
The junta had already snubbed meetings with a senior U.S. envoy and another ECOWAS delegation.
Under Bazoum, Niger was relatively successful in containing an Islamist insurgency in the Sahel region and was an important ally for the West after two of its neighbors rejected former colonial power France and turned towards Russia instead.
The UN said Secretary General Antonio Guterres strongly supported mediation efforts by ECOWAS, while U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken told French radio station RFI diplomacy was the best way to resolve the situation.
He declined to comment on the future of some 1,100 U.S. troops in Niger, where French, German and Italian troops are also stationed.
Blinken later told the BBC he was worried that Russia’s Wagner Group mercenaries could take advantage of the instability in Niger to strengthen their presence in the Sahel.
“I think what happened and what continues to happen in Niger was not instigated by Russia or by Wagner, but to the extent that they try to take advantage of it – and we see a repeat of what’s happened in other countries, where they’ve brought nothing but bad things in their wake – that wouldn’t be good,” he said.
Adding to its strategic importance, Niger is the world’s seventh-biggest producer of uranium, the most widely used fuel for nuclear energy.
Russian flags
U.S. Acting Deputy Secretary of State Victoria Nuland flew to Niamey on Monday but was denied permission to meet coup leader Abdourahamane Tiani or Bazoum, who is in detention. She told reporters her talks with more junior officers were “frank and difficult”.
Last week, ECOWAS sent a mission to Niamey led by Abdulsalami Abubakar, a former military ruler of Nigeria, but Tiani also refused to see him.
In contrast, Tiani on Monday met a joint delegation from Mali and Burkina Faso, both neighboring countries where the military has seized power from civilians.
“We will not accept military intervention in Niger. Our survival depends on it,” said Abdoulaye Maiga, a spokesman for Mali’s junta, appearing on Niger state television.
Some pro-coup demonstrators in Niamey have held up Russian flags, which are in fashion according to residents and fabric vendors.
Western allies fear that Niger could go the way of Mali, which threw out French troops and U.N. peacekeepers and invited in Wagner mercenaries after a 2021 coup.
Alongside the Malian army, fighters presumed to be from Wagner have carried out a military offensive, executing hundreds of civilians last year, witnesses and rights groups said, allegations the army and Wagner have rejected.
In a new report seen by Reuters on Monday, U.N. sanctions monitors said they had also used a campaign of sexual violence and other grave human rights abuses to terrorize the population.