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MANILA, Philippines—Most overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) seek repatriation because of contract violations, maltreatment, and medical reasons, the Philippine Overseas and Employment Administration (POEA) had said.
Repatriation, the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA) said, is the process of returning a distressed OFW—or his or her remains—to his or her country of residence.
POEA Administrator Bernard Olalia said his office receives an average of 6,000 repatriation requests every year, the reason that the Department of Migrant Workers (DMW) launched a 24/7 hotline to act on requests for immediate repatriation.
READ: Unfunded OFW department launches action hotline
Olalia said there was a need to have a “One Repat Center” to assist distressed migrant workers, pointing out that in 2019 and 2020, 9,000 and 6,000 OFWs, respectively, asked POEA to bring them home.
“Topmost reason for repatriation in 2019 was maltreatment and abuses, and in 2020, it became medical and border closure that they can’t go home due to the pandemic,” he said.
GRAPHIC Ed Lustan
But from 2021 to date, Olalia said thousands of OFWs are requesting repatriation, with “end of contract” as the main reason, stressing that some have nowhere to go, especially because of travel restrictions in the past two years.
Taking OFWs out of Saudi
Based on POEA data, there were 4,958 repatriation cases from Saudi Arabia alone in 2021, with most of requests coming from Riyadh, Jeddah, and Al Khobar. Saudi Arabia also topped the list of repatriation cases received by the OWWA.
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Second on the list was Kuwait, followed by Qatar, Oman and Jordan. The DMW said the main reasons for the repatriation requests were contract violations, and physical, psychological and verbal violence.
Last year, the Philippine Overseas Labor Offices revealed that there were 4,302 cases of maltreatment, 21,127 cases of contract violation, 138 cases of contract substitution, 209 cases of sexual harassment, and 31 cases of rape in the Middle East in 2020.
Then in Asia, 593 cases of maltreatment, 2,355 cases of contract violation, 56 cases of contract substitution, 35 cases of sexual harassment, and 51 cases of rape were recorded.
There were only 86 cases of maltreatment, 232 cases of contract violation, 7 cases of contract substitution, 32 cases of sexual harassment, and 3 cases of rape in Europe and the Americas in 2020.
Migrant Workers Undersecretary Hans Cacdac said on Thursday (Sept. 15) that the government, through the DMW, has negotiated the immediate repatriation of distressed OFWs in Saudi Arabia, saying that these OFWs, mostly domestic workers, needed urgent help.
GRAPHIC Ed Lustan
He said the repatriation process was one of the concerns discussed by Migrant Workers Secretary Toots Ople with the Saudi minister of labor, stressing that the repatriation of an OFW, who has a contract-related complaint or is abused, should be facilitated as soon as possible.
“No one can force a person to work especially in another country because that is slavery. That is slavery if they no longer want to work there but is not allowed to go home,” he said.
Cacdac said some 500 OFWs are presently staying in different shelters run by the Philippine government in Saudi Arabia. Out of the 500, 101 came home with Ople as the Saudi Arabia government agreed to their repatriation.
Leaving PH out of desperation
Based on Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) data, there were 2.18 million OFWs in 2019, however, because of the COVID-19 crisis, the figure fell to 1.77 million in 2020.
This, despite threats that come with working overseas. Looking back, the government, in 2018, stressed that there are countries , like Afghanistan, Iraq, Palestine, Syria, and Yemen, that are deemed “not safe” for OFWs.
By gender, more women were reported to be working overseas, 59.6 percent or 1.06 million, in 2020, while men comprised 40.4 percent or 0.72 million. The same trend was observed in 2019—55.4 percent women and 44.6 percent men.
GRAPHIC Ed Lustan
The PSA said by place of work, OFWs working in Asia accounted for 83.6 percent or 1.77 million—about 26.6 percent worked in Saudi Arabia, followed by the United Arab Emirates at 14.6 percent.
Some countries in Asia that have a high number of OFWs included Kuwait (6.4 percent), Hong Kong (6.3 percent), Qatar (5.4 percent), and Singapore (5.3 percent).
OFWs working in Europe were registered at 6.7 percent, while OFWs in North and South America and in Australia were reported at 5.2 percent and 3.4 percent, respectively.
Back in 2005, Pulse Asia said 23 percent of Filipinos felt the Philippines was a hopeless case and that 33 percent of Filipinos, especially from class ABC, expressed intention to migrate.
Making them stay
Last Sept. 6, President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. told OFWs in Singapore that the government will improve working conditions in the Philippines as a way of thanking OFWs for their service not only to their own families but also to the entire country.
READ: Bongbong Marcos thanks Singapore
“Our Cabinet members are doing everything to improve the lives of our fellow Filipinos and improve the economy to create more jobs. If we become successful, then you can go home and work in the Philippines,” he said.
Currently, however, while the unemployment rate hit its lowest level—5.2 percent—since the start of the pandemic, the think tank Ibon Foundation stressed that “more and more Filipinos are forced to make do with informal work given the lack of better jobs” in the Philippines.
GRAPHIC Ed Lustan
Comparing data in July 2022 with figures in January 2020, the number of employed Filipinos grew by 4.8 million from 42.5 million, however, the think tank noted that by hours worked, 54.7 percent of the jobs created were part-time.
It said those working less than 40 hours increased by 2.7 million from 13.4 million in January 2020 to 16.1 million in July 2022. Those “with a job, not at work” grew by 141,000 to 474,000.
Ibon Foundation stressed that while full-time workers—those working 40 hours and over—increased by 2.1 million, “[it] was not enough to offset the number of part-time workers.
Likewise, it stressed that the minimum wage in Metro Manila, which is already the highest at P570 per day, is still way below the think tank’s estimated family living wage of P1,107.