WASHINGTON — North Korea raised hopes Wednesday for a major easing in nuclear tensions under its youthful new leader, agreeing to suspend uranium enrichment at a major facility and refrain from missile and nuclear tests in exchange for a mountain of critically needed U.S. food aid.
N. KOREA'S 'MODEST STEP'. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton calls North Korea's agreement to suspend nuclear activities and accept a moratorium on testing "a modest step" in the right direction as she testifies on Capitol Hill in Washington Feb. 29, 2012 before the House State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs subcommittee. AP
It was only a preliminary step but a necessary one to restart broader six-nation negotiations that would lay down terms for what the North could get in return for abandoning its nuclear weapons program. Pyongyang pulled out of those talks in 2009 and seemingly has viewed the nuclear program as key to the survival of its dynastic, communist regime, now entering its third generation.
The announcement, just over two months after the death of longtime ruler Kim Jong Il, opened a door for the secretive government under his untested youngest son, Kim Jong Un, to improve ties with the United States and win critically needed aid and international acceptance.
It also opened the way for international inspections for the North’s nuclear program, which has gone unmonitored for years.
Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton said the agreement, announced at separate but simultaneous statements by the longtime adversaries, was a modest step but also “a reminder that the world is transforming around us.”
“We, of course, will be watching closely and judging North Korea’s new leaders by their actions,” Clinton told a congressional hearing.
The US has accused North Korea of reneging on past nuclear commitments. An accord under the six-party talks collapsed in 2008 when Pyongyang refused to abide by verification that US diplomats claimed had been agreed upon.
The North Korean Foreign Ministry’s statement, issued by the state-run news agency, said the North had agreed to the nuclear moratoriums and UN inspectors “with a view to maintaining positive atmosphere” for the US-North Korea talks.
North Korea faces tough UN sanctions that were tightened in 2009 when it conducted its second nuclear test and fired a long-range rocket. In late 2010, it unveiled a uranium enrichment facility that could give North Korea a second route to manufacture nuclear weapons in addition to its existing plutonium-based program.
In the meantime, its people have continued to go hungry. The North suffered a famine in the 1990s that killed hundreds of thousands of people, and chronic food shortages persist. US charities reported after a trip to North Korea late last year that children were suffering “slow starvation.”
Pyongyang appealed for US food aid a year ago, and the two countries had been moving toward a deal at the time of Kim Jong Il’s death.
Clinton said North Korea and the US will meet to finalize details for a proposed package totaling 240,000 metric tons of food aid. She said intensive monitoring of the aid would be required, a reflection of US concerns that food could be diverted to the North’s powerful military.
A senior Obama administration official said it was only last week, in talks in Beijing that presaged Wednesday’s announcement, that the North dropped its demand for rice and grains — viewed as easier to divert — and agreed to accept the U.S. “nutritional assistance” such as corn-soy blend and other food targeted to young children and pregnant women.
The official spoke to reporters on condition of anonymity because of diplomatic sensitivity.
North Korea’s chief rival, South Korea, a staunch S ally supported by 28,000 American troops, welcomed the agreement, although it has yet to receive the apology it wants from the North for two military attacks that killed 50 South Koreans in 2010.
Those hostilities nearly pitched the divided peninsula into war. The elder Kim’s December 17 death fueled concern that the North could attack again and conduct another nuclear test.
Wednesday’s announcement should ease those concerns, and was a welcome development for President Barack Obama in an election year when he will be looking to avoid another security crisis to add to the pressing list of urgent US foreign policy concerns. Those include Iran’s nuclear program, the bloodshed in Syria and a deeply unstable Afghanistan.
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said he hoped North Korea would move toward “a verifiable denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.” Britain’s Foreign Secretary William Hague said it was positive news, and that the change in North Korean leadership offered a chance for “renewed engagement with the international community.”
Outsiders have been closely watching how Kim Jong Un, believed to be in his late 20s, handles nuclear diplomacy with the United States and delicate relations with South Korea. His consolidation of power, with the help of senior advisers who worked with his father and grandfather, appears to be going smoothly, although determining the intentions and internal dynamics in Pyongyang is notoriously difficult.
Many observers doubt that North Korea will ever give up its nuclear program. Since Kim Jong Il’s death, North Korea has vowed to maintain the late leader’s policies and has linked its nuclear program to his legacy.
“North Korea uses (the nuclear program) as leverage to win concessions in return for disarmament measures. Since Kim Jong Il’s death, it has called (the program) the country’s most important achievement,” said Baek Seung-joo, an analyst at the state-run Korea Institute for Defense Analyses in South Korea. “There is still a long way to go.”
While Democratic lawmakers in the US welcomed the agreement, some Republicans reacted with skepticism.
“Pyongyang will likely continue its clandestine nuclear weapons program right under our noses. We have bought this bridge several times before,” said Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, chairwoman of the House of Representatives Foreign Affairs Committee.
The administration official who spoke on condition of anonymity echoed some of that caution. But he also said the US took it as a positive sign that the new North Korean leadership had carried on with a policy set in train before Kim Jong Il’s death, and had shown some swiftness in reaching the accord before the official 100-day mourning period was over.
While North Korea’s commitments meet the pre-steps set by the US for the resumption of six-party disarmament-for-aid talks, the official said the US had made no promise to restart them. He said North Korea would first have to make good on its latest commitments. The US would also have to map out a strategy with the other parties in the talks — China, Japan, Russia and South Korea — on what they could offer the North in return for the irreversible dismantling of its nuclear weapons program.
The US and North Korean statements on the agreement differed on some details, including whether inspectors from UN’s International Atomic Energy Agency would be allowed into both the uranium enrichment and plutonium-based programs. The North Korean statement referred only to uranium enrichment.
A senior Obama administration official acknowledged that omission but said the US was in no doubt that the North had agreed to let IAEA inspectors in to confirm the disabling of plutonium-producing reactor at its main nuclear complex in Yongbyon.