Heated tobacco leads to less indoor air pollution than cigarettes, study says
Engr. Aldwin A. Camance, a chemical engineer and an advocate of climate change mitigation
MANILA, Philippines – A scientific research paper said that switching from cigarette smoking to heated tobacco products (HTPs) could significantly reduce indoor air pollution and related diseases in the Philippines.
According to the “Heated Tobacco Products: Potentials of Harm Reduction, Improvement of Indoor Air Quality and the Need for Further Studies,” aerosol from tobacco harm reduction products like HTPs is not the same as smoke and does not produce the same harms as smoke.
Article continues after this advertisement“The conclusions are clear: it is not smoke, and while not risk-free, it contains only a fraction of the HPHCs (harmful and potentially harmful compounds) found in cigarette smoke.”
Article continues after this advertisementPublished on SciEnggJ, the official journal of the Philippine-American Academy of Science & Engineering or PAASE, the study was authored by Aldwin A. Camance, a chemical engineer and a passionate climate change mitigation advocate who has conducted more than 50 environmental impact assessments and numerous environmental risk assessments.
He is also a senior technical consultant at Prism Express Consulting.
“All calculations estimate a reduction in possible deaths and incidence of cancer because of switching to HTP,” according to the paper.
The Nicotine Consumers Union of the Philippines (NCUP) said the findings of the study prove that nicotine is not the problem but the way it is consumed through combustion.
“By using smoke-free methods such as HTP to deliver nicotine, people can continue to enjoy nicotine while potentially reducing pollution or harm indoors or outdoors,” said NCUP President Anton Israel.
Camance’s research found that air pollution and tobacco smoke are among the top five causes of death in the Philippines.
As Filipinos spend a lot of time indoors, switching to HTPs could potentially reduce the risk of these diseases, according to the paper.
HTPs are a relatively new nicotine delivery method designed to be a less harmful alternative to traditional cigarettes.
The study aimed to summarize existing international research on HTPs’ toxicological impacts and their effects on indoor air quality.
A well-known brand of HTP in the Philippines is IQOS, which has been available in the country since 2020.
It heats, without burning, specially designed tobacco sticks called TEREA to deliver nicotine without smoke and ash.
According to the paper, “Considering both the aerosol content and the indoor air quality are much reduced when using HTP as compared to cigarettes, there appears to be a case to state that there is a lower risk of harm” when comparing HTP use and cigarette smoking.
The paper analyzed 282 studies, research, books, and narratives related to HTP use.
Most of these studies were sourced from PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, with data collection continuing until July 2021.
“These studies show reduced release of harmful and potentially harmful compounds (HPHC) in the aerosol and lower concentrations of HPHCs in the indoor environment when using HTPs as compared to tobacco smoke,” the paper said.
This suggests a reduced risk of harm associated with HTP use.
There is “wide agreement” that completely switching to HTP use from cigarette smoking is less harmful, the paper argued, even if long-term epidemiological studies are still needed to determine with finality the risks of HTP use.
One 90-day study found that biomarkers of exposure to HPHCs were significantly lower in HTP users compared to cigarette smokers. However, the study emphasized the need for longer-term trials to confirm these findings.
Given the significant health risks associated with smoking, Camance argued that waiting for definitive long-term studies is not feasible.
“But the considerable risk of deaths due to tobacco products as provided in the foregoing discussions means that we do not have the luxury of time to wait for further and longer epidemiological studies to confirm the current observation that these HTPs do reduce the harm of use of tobacco products,” Camance said.
The paper said that if the international findings on HTPs’ harm reduction potential hold true, shifting from cigarettes to HTPs could be a valuable component of a broader program to reduce respiratory diseases in the Philippines.
The review concluded that more definitive studies on the epidemiological risks of HTPs are needed, including long-term clinical studies and population-wide epidemiological data.
“While long-term epidemiological studies are still required to determine with finality the risks that HTP use may have, there is already wide agreement in the initial results that the complete switch to HTP use from cigarette smoking presents less risks of harm,” it said.
